Cancer is the second leading cause of fatalities at the global level, and the involvement of microbes in several diseases, including cancer is well known. The gut microbiome is known to have an essential role in the regulation of the host’s health and physiology.
The gut microbiota and their metabolites may induce immunological and cellular pathways to eliminate invading pathogens and trigger an immune response to prevent cancer. Gut microbiota can even affect the efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs. While, the commensal microbiota activates inflammasomes that keep the host’s cellular and gut integrity, dysbiosis in the gut may lead to tumorigenesis and is associated with approximately 20% of all cancers. Herein, we discuss the role of gut microflora in both cancer-genesis as well as the prevention of cancer.
We discuss specific microbes that may contribute to cancer development. It is speculated that several bacteria with probiotic characteristics may be used as bio-therapeutic agents to re-establish the microbial population and induce a strong immune response to eliminate cancers, and this should be the subject of future research.
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